The Oneida School District has a unique and distinguished history. It was first created by House Bill No. 777 on April 17, 1905, and on that date we became Oneida City Schools. On July 12, 1913, D.B. Case and a group of citizens from the Town of Oneida appeared before the court requesting that the Oneida City Schools be abolished and their petition was granted, causing the system to become independent from 1913 to 1915. In 1915 Senate Bill No. 1064 established the Oneida Independent School District and named E.B. Smith, Bailey Thompson, C.B. Hail, George King, and G.S. Owens as school board members and set the district boundaries as the bowl of ridges surrounding the town, approximately eight square miles in area.

The Oneida School District has certainly gone through changes over the years. It began at its present location on Main Street with one building housing all grades. In 1942 the High School portion of the building was destroyed by fire, and that portion was replaced by a new addition of thirteen classrooms, two washrooms, and an office in 1943. In 1944, the elementary building was completely destroyed by fire, and a new facility opened in 1948. In the late twenties and early thirties, Vocational Home Economics, Vocational Agriculture, and Business Education were added to the curriculum. Oneida fielded its first football team in 1930. In 1947 a full time band director was employed. A Guidance Department with a full time counselor as added in 1961. In the fall of 1967, the Area Vocational School in Oneida opened its doors to high school students. Since 1971 a full time registered Licensed Practical Nurse has been employed by the system.